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CURRICULUM VITAE (2/25/2004)
MONICA M. SMITH, DC, PhD
Associate Professor
Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research
Palmer Chiropractic University System
741 Brady Street
Davenport, IA 52803
Phone: (563) 884-5150
Fax: (563) 884-5227
Monica.smith@palmer.edu
EDUCATION
- St. Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri
- Ph.D. , Health Services Research (Minor focus - Public Policy/Economic
Analysis) , 1998
- Dissertation Title: "Cost, quality, and access as related to the
delivery of chiropractic health care."
- Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, Missouri
- Doctor of Chiropractic, 1986
- Bachelor of Science - Human Biology, 1984
- Academy of Clinic Interns, Clinical Consultant in Geriatrics , 1986
EXPERIENCE
- Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research (PCCR), Davenport, Iowa
- Associate Professor, September 2001 to present
- Assistant Professor, 1996 to 2001
Selected Current Project Sets at PCCR:
“MD and DC Chest Pain Focus Group Study” [self, PI; Intramural PCCR
support]
"Analysis of DC and MD Primary Care Provider Interprofessional
Relationships" [Greene, PI; Project funding NIH-NCCAM]
"Survey of chiropractic profession on behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes
about guidelines and related professional issues" [self, PI; Project funding
Council on Chiropractic Guidelines and Practice Parameters]
"Establishing a database of U.S. chiropractic healthcare workforce data
for chiropractic health services research" [self, PI; Project funding HRSA
BHPr, Center for Health Workforce Information and Analysis]
"The practice of chiropractic in federally-designated health professional
shortage areas (self, PI)..
"Compilation of chiropractic/ complementary/ alternative healthcare data
contained in large-scale public-use databases" (self, PI). (Compilation
manual may be reviewed online at Internet address:
http://w3.palmer.edu/carber/compilation/manualhome.asp)
"Delivery and utilization of chiropractic care within areas and to
populations included in Indian Health Service (IHS) Act service provisions."
(self, PI).
"International chiropractic practice, education, and training within the
context of international health systems: The CEDRICS projects supported by
World Federation of Chiropractic" (self as initiating PI, with international
collaborations in development).
"Collection and analysis of data from Palmer’s Clinic Abroad Mission
Program" (self, PI).
Teaching Assignments: Introduction to Research course (course
director). Course develops skills of future clinical practitioners to
critically appraise and apply the body of scientific and clinical research
literature.
- Department of Veterans Affairs
Health Services Research & Development, St. Louis VAMC, St. Louis,
Missouri
- Health Science Research Specialist, 1989 to 1996
Selected Projects of Record: Procurement, aggregation, linkage,
and analysis of nationwide data from Bureau of Health Profession's Area
Resource File (BhPr-ARF), National Center for Veterans Analysis and
Statistics' Summary of Medical Programs, DVA Office of Academic Affairs,
Boston Development Center, and DVA Austin Automation Center (Computerized
Accounting for Local Management and Cost Distribution Reports (CALM,CDR),
InPatient Treatment and Outpatient Care Files (PTF,OPC)) to study the
effects of residency programs on costs and productivity in VAMCs.
(Gillespie, Campbell, PIs); Analysis of St. Louis site data from DVA
Cooperative Studies Project on Ambulatory Standards of Care to assess the
complexity/severity of patients seen in the VAMC ambulatory clinic.
(Internal report); Analysis of nationwide data from DVA Hypertension
Screening and Treatment Programs to study risk factors, intervention
mediators and outcomes of patients (Romeis, Perry, PIs).
Preliminary Analyses and Minor Projects: Analyses of sample
size/ power requirements for local and multi-site studies responding to the
1995 DVA Nursing Initiative.; Preliminary analyses of DVA nationwide
InPatient Treatment and Outpatient Care Files (PTF,OPC) data to explore the
intensity and complexity of outpatient utilization of patients with
substance abuse disorders. (Romeis, Price, PIs; Hall,Gillespie, PIs).
Preliminary analyses of the characteristics and utilization of non-elderly
nursing home patients, using National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES)
data. (Romeis,PI). Preliminary analysis of the health care utilization
patterns of monozygote and dizygote twin pairs, using data from the
Vietnam-era Twin Pairs Registry (Romeis,PI).Periodically conduct analyses of
locally-supplied clinical and administrative data for purposes of quality
improvement and for the study of outcomes, utilization, or planning clinical
trials (e.g. Burke, PI; Hernandez, PI).
- St. Louis University School of Medicine,
Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, St. Louis,
Missouri
- Research Programmer/Analyst, 1991 to 1996
Selected Projects: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition
Epidemiological Survey (NHANES) data to develop a multivariate nutritional
risk measure for noninstitutionalized elders. (Miller, PI); Analysis of data
from the Missouri Gateway Geriatric Education Center Survey of Home Care
Agencies to identify and describe cultural/ethnic issues in caregiving for
older adults. (Szwabo, Hopper, PIs). Analysis of data from a 2-site acute
inpatient rehabilitation hospital survey to study attitudes of staff toward
the use of physical restraints. (McCulla, PI).
Minor Projects: Create computerized data entry form for
transcribing geriatric screening survey hardcopy data into electronic form.
(Brunworth, Miller, PIs). Provide statistical support on project assessing
the impact of educational content on burnout, morale and job satisfaction of
caregivers in nursing homes.(Szwabo, PI).
- St. Louis University School of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri
- Research Assistant , Research Programmer/Analyst, periodically 1988 to
1996
Sample Tasks or Selected Project(s): Conduct survey follow-up and
statistical analysis of health care administrator survey data (J. Heil).
Data procurement, management and analysis of large-scale national survey
data and documentation, such as that from National Medical Expenditure
Survey (NMES), Health Interview Survey (HIS), Medicare Current Beneficiary
Survey (MCBS), and Area Resource File(ARF) (Romeis, Gillespie).
- Nashville Chiropractic Health Center & Pain Clinic, Nashville, Illinois.
Private Practice, 1987
OTHER: Service and Leadership, Teaching, Consulting, Professional
Memberships, and Related Experience
- Peer Reviewer, Journals:
- Health Services Research journal, 2003.
American Journal of Public Health, 2002.
Medical Care journal, 2000-2003.
Journal of Rural Health, 2001.
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics (JMPT),
1995-2003.
Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System (JNMS), 1995-2003.
Ad hoc Reviewer for Evidence report on cost of headache, prepared by
Center for Health Policy Research & Education at Duke University under
contract with Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), 1997.
Guest Editor of theme issue of Journal of Neuromusculoskeletal System
(JNMS) on topic of “Chest Pain” (Vol. 8, No.3).
Associate Editor of Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System,
1993-present.
Peer reviewer, Funding Agencies: Scientific Review Committee, Awards
and Grants Program, Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research,
Arlington, VA, 1991-present. Ad hoc Reviewer for Alberta Children’s
Hospital Foundation, Calgary Regional Health Authority (March 2001).
Peer reviewer, Conferences: American Public Health Association
Chiropractic Health Care section (1997-present, annually); Association
of Chiropractic Colleges (1997-present, annually).
Leadership and Professional Memberships: American Public Health
Association Chiropractic Health Care section (Service Appreciation
Awards for Leadership 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002; Distinguished Service
Award for Leadership 2002). Member APHA since 1995. Member AcademyHealth
(formerly AHSR) since 1995. Member international Health Economics Assoc
(iHEA) since 2001. Member World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) since
2001.
Alumnus Adjunct Faculty - Logan College of Chiropractic, 1995-present.
Teaching Assistant – St. Louis University School of Public Health, 1988
to 1996.
Jointly organized and conducted the following events: A skills
development seminar on application of rational decision theory, St.Louis
University, 1989; The 1989 Health Care Ethics Symposium, The 1988 Health
Care Issues Colloquium , Logan College of Chiropractic.
Institutional Service / Committee Work (Palmer College) – Search
committee for Dean of Academic Affairs (2003); Assoc Prof Promotion
Committee (2003); Academic Affairs Policy Committee (2002,2003);
Benefits Committee (2002,2003); Asst Prof Promotion Committee
(2000,2001); Institution-wide Promotion Task Force (2000-2001); Student
Ethics Board (1999-current); Reviewer for TFM Faculty Scholarship Award
(1998-current); Year One Curriculum Integration Group (1999-2000);
Palmer Database Management Target Assessment Group (1996-1997: conducted
preliminary needs analysis and technology assessment, final report and
recommendations delivered to Palmer Board of Trustees June 1997).
Research Consultant: Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services
Research & Development, Special Projects Office, Perry Point, Maryland.
Chiropractic Services Pilot Program (1990).
Awarded Foundation for Chiropractic Education & Research (FCER)
Research Fellowship, 1987, 1988, 1989.
Nominated to Doctoral Consortium Health Care Administration Division of
Academy of Management, 1988.
PUBLICATIONS OR IN PRESS
Smith M, Long C, Henderson C, Marchiori D, Hawk C, Meeker W, Killinger L:
“Report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of an
evidence-based skills course: A lesson in incremental curricular change.”
Journal of Chiropractic Education (in press).
Smith M, Wells K, Ellerbrock, M: “Diagnosis of chest pain in the
chiropractic practice setting: An evidence-based review.” Chiropractic
Journal of Australia (in press).
Smith M, Carber L: “Chiropractic healthcare in Health Professional Shortage
Areas (HPSAs) of the U.S.” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 92, No.
12, Dec 2002:2001-2009.
Smith M, Carber L: “A compilation of chiropractic &
complementary/alternative (CAM) data from public-use national surveys:
Report on a health services research resource for the chiropractic and CAM
scientific community.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological
Therapeutics, Vol. 25, No. 9, Nov/Dec 2002:573-578 .
Smith M, Greene BR, Meeker W: “The CAM movement and the integration of
quality health care: The case of chiropractic.” Journal of Ambulatory Care
Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, April 2002:1-16.
Smith M, Gromala T: “The role of subluxation in delivering quality
chiropractic healthcare.” Topics in Clinical Chiropractic (TiCC), Vol. 8,
No.1, 2001:29-33.
Gromala T, Smith M: “How can subluxation-based chiropractic practice
integrate into outcomes-based health care systems?” TiCC, Vol. 8, No. 1,
2001:34-39.
Smith M, Ellerbrock M, Khorshid K, Handley S: “Retrospective study of chest
pain cases presenting to a chiropractic teaching clinic: A preliminary
feasibility study”. Journal Neuromuscloskeletal System (JNMS), Vol 8, No 3,
Fall/Winter 2000:67-75.
Smith M, DeBono V: “Retrospective records review to study chest pain
prevalence and clinical management of chest pain cases in a chiropractic
teaching clinic setting: Further exploration of feasibility”. JNMS, Vol 8,
No 3, Fall/Winter 2000:76-83.
Smith M: “Invited Editorial” (as guest editor of JNMS Chest Pain Issue).
JNMS, Vol 8, No 3, Fall/Winter 2000 (pp v-vi).
Smith M, Parry A: “The practice of chiropractic in health professional
shortage areas in Missouri.” JNMS, Vol 6, No 1, 1998 (pp 17-23).
Smith M, Stano M: “Costs and recurrences of chiropractic and medical
episodes of low-back care.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological
Therapeutics (JMPT), Vol 20, No 1, January 1997 (pp 5-12).
Stano M, Smith M: "Relative costs and outcomes of chiropractic versus
medically-initiated episodes of low-back care." Medical Care, Vol 34, No 3,
March 1996 (pp 191-204).
Perry HM, Gillespie KN, Romeis JC, Smith MM, Virgo KS, Carmody SE, Sambhi
MP: "Effects of stroke belt residence, screening blood pressures, and
personal history risk factors on all-cause mortality among hypertensive
veterans." Journal of Hypertension, Vol 12, No 3, 1994 (pp 315-321).
As Commission Member/Contributing Author: "Guidelines for chiropractic
quality assurance and standards of practice: Proceedings of a consensus
conference commissioned by the Congress of Chiropractic State Associations."
ASPEN, 1993.
Smith MM: "Chiropractic research: The ethics." JMPT, Vol 15, No 8, Oct 1992
(pp 536-541).
Virgo KS, Virgo JM, Romeis JC, Smith MM: "A comparison of Canadian and U.S.
health care systems." Brock Review, Vol 1, No 1, 1992 (pp 29-51).
Smith MM: "Who will pay the physicians? Society struggles with health care
costs." ACA Journal of Chiropractic, April 1988 (pp 39 42).
MANUSCRIPTS UNDER REVIEW OR IN QUEUE
MANUSCRIPTS CURRENTLY IN PREPARATION
“Enhancing the chiropractic clinical training experience: Description of
patients in a teaching clinic in Fiji.”
“Recommendations for a chiropractic health services research agenda: Follow-up
report from the HSR working group convened at the 5th annual Chiropractic
Research Agenda Conference (RAC5).”
“Creating an accurate database of the chiropractic healthcare workforce for
use in health services research.”
“An evidence-based interactive seminar approach to guiding clinician
decision-making for ordering diagnostic radiographs in a chiropractic
teaching clinic.”
TECHNICAL REPORTS
Smith M, Carber L. Assessment of current supply and
distribution of the chiropractic workforce”. Report produced under contract
to HRSA BHPr, Gov’t Order No. 01-0556(p). Sept 24, 2002. Project produced an
electronic database of numbers of numbers of chiropractors per county, for
inclusion in the HRSA BHPr Area Resource File.
Smith M, Carber L. A compilation of chiropractic and complementary/alternative
data contained in large-scale public-use databases. Manual produced under
grant from Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research. July 2000.
INTERNET PUBLICATIONS
The Immunization Information Resource website provided as a
public service by the Chiropractic Health Care section of the American
Public Health Association. Website address:
http://www.chiroweb.com/vaccinfo/
A compilation of chiropractic & complementary/alternative healthcare data
contained in large-scale public-use databases.
Website address:
http://w3.palmer.edu/carber/compilation/manualhome.asp
PRESENTATIONS at SCIENTIFIC and HEALTH POLICY MEETINGS
Smith M. “Multidisciplinary preventive guidelines: Relevance
for developing professional standards of care for chiropractic best
practices”. American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting (Nov
2003) Platform presentation.
Smith M. “Guidelines and trends in chiropractic practice.” American College of
Chiropractic Consultants and Council on Forensic Sciences Annual Fall
Conference (Sept 2003) Invited lecture.
Smith M. “Chiropractic healthcare workforce in underserved areas”.
International Health Economics Assoc (iHEA) Annual Meeting (July 2003)
Poster presentation.
Smith M, Carber L. “Survey of U.S. chiropractors.” World Federation of
Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 2003) Platform presentation.
Smith M, Carber L, Doerrfeld M, Gindhart J, Ruda T. “Information technology in
the chiropractic office.” World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial
Congress (May 2003) Poster presentation. American Public Health Association
(APHA) Annual Meeting (Nov 2002), Platform presentation.
Smith M, Carber L. “Survey of chiropractors in US Health Profession Shortage
Areas (HPSAs). Association of Chiropractic Colleges Research Agenda
Conference (ACC/RAC) Annual Conference (March 2003) Platform presentation.
Smith M as invited panelist for session “Education for Evidence-Based
Practice: Issues and Strategies”. A panel discussion at ACC/RAC Annual
Conference (March 2003).
Hurwitz E, Smith M, Colley F, Perillo M, Haas M, Hawk, C. “Project report on
the Immunization Information Website: A Resource for Chiropractors and
Patients”. Association of Chiropractic Colleges Research Agenda Conference
(ACC/RAC) Annual Conference (March 2003) Platform presentation.
Smith M, Long C, Henderson C, Marchiori D, Hawk C, Meeker W, Killinger L,
Bleecker J, Paris J, Stout R.: “Report on an innovative strategy for
teaching evidence-based skills to DC students.” Association of Chiropractic
Colleges (ACC/RAC) Annual Conference (March 2002) Platform presentation.
American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting (Oct 2001),
Platform presentation. World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial
Congress (May 2001), Poster presentation.
Smith M, Carber L, Curry L, Krakos G. “Development of a standardized health
outcomes instrument for use with global populations.” American Public Health
Association (APHA) Annual Meeting (Oct 2001), Platform presentation.
Smith M, Manral D, Foss J, Carber L: “ International health and health systems
data for secondary analyses: Availability via internet.” American Public
Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting (Oct 2001), Poster presentation.
Smith M, Carber L, Chapman-Smith D, Sloane-Seale G: “WFC/CEDRICS Project: On
transitioning the WFC Country Report to on-line data collection.” World
Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 2001), Invited
lecture.
Smith M, Carber L: “Report on a health services research resource for the
chiropractic scientific community: The “Compilation Manual”. World
Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 2001), Poster
presentation.
Smith M: “On reconciling subluxation-based chiropractic practice to
outcomes-based health care systems: A review of the health services research
literature.” Foundation for Advancement of Chiropractic Tenets and
Science/International Chiropractors Association (FACTS/ICA 2000 Symposium)
(Nov 2000) Platform presentation.
Smith M, Curry L, Carber L, Krakos G, Phongphua C: “Service-learning in
chiropractic: Description of patients at an outreach teaching clinic serving
Native Americans.” American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting
(Nov 2000) Platform presentation .
Smith M: “Ongoing surveys of chiropractic practices in primary care shortage
areas and Native American areas: Report of findings and methodological
issues.” International Conference of Spinal Manipulation (ICSM 2000) (Sept
2000) Platform.
Smith M, Carber L, Curry L: “Development of a standardized health outcomes
instrument for use with global populations.” World Federation of Public
Health Associations (WFPHA 2000) (Sept 2000) Platform.
Smith M presenting for Curry L, Smith M, Phongphua C, Krakos G: “Palmer Clinic
Abroad Program: Improving access to care and enhancing clinical training.”
World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA 2000) (Sept 2000)
Platform.
Smith M presenting for Krakos G, Smith M, Curry L: “Models for coordinating
non-medical health care delivery to global populations: Organizational case
study.” World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA 2000) (Sept
2000) Platform.
Smith M, Lancaster B, Fitzpatrick J: “Chiropractic healthcare in Native
communities.” National Indian Health Board Annual Conference (NIHB 2000)
(Aug 2000) Platform.
Khorshid K, Smith M, Handley S, Ellerbrock M: “Retrospective study of chest
pain cases presenting to a chiropractic teaching clinic: A feasibility
study.” Association of Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) Annual Conference (March
2000) Platform.
Smith M, Ellerbrock M: “Presentation of chest pain in medical and chiropractic
ambulatory settings: An annotated review of the current literature on
prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, management, and professional standards of
care.” Association of Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) Annual Conference (March
2000) Poster.
Smith M, Carber L: “Creating an accurate database of the chiropractic
healthcare workforce for use in health services research.” Association of
Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) Annual Conference (March 2000) Poster.
Smith M, Carber L, Morschhauser S: “Establishing a database of U.S.
chiropractic health manpower data: Furthering the development of research
infrastructure.” Association for Health Services Research (AHSR) 16th Annual
Meeting (June 1999) Poster.
Marchiori D, Smith M, McLean I: “An evidence-based interactive seminar
approach to guiding clinician decision-making for ordering diagnostic
radiographs in a chiropractic teaching clinic.” World Federation of
Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 1999) Platform. Association for
Health Services Research (AHSR) 16th Annual Meeting (June 1999) Poster.
Smith M, Wiese G, Phongphua C: “Chiropractic educational institutions and
practices within the context of health care systems and policies.” World
Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 1999), Platform.
Smith M, Phongphua C, Krakos G, Curry L: “Enhancing the chiropractic clinical
training experience: Description of patients in a teaching clinic in Fiji.”
World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 1999) Poster.
American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting (Nov 1999)
Platform.
Phongphua C, Smith M, Krakos G, Curry L: “Evaluative survey of chiropractic
students’ perceptions and experiences in an international cross-cultural
clinical training program.” World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial
Congress (May 1999) Poster.
Smith M, Wiese G, Phongphua C, Meeker B, Krakos G, Curry L, Peterson D:
“International health policies, health care systems and health services
research: The case for supporting a Centralized Electronic Data Repository
for International Chiropractic Studies (C.E.D.R.I.C.S.).” World Federation
of Chiropractic (WFC) Biennial Congress (May 1999) Poster.
Smith M, Hawk C, Goertz C, Jansen R: “The practice of chiropractic in health
professional shortage areas.” Association for Health Services Research
(AHSR) Annual Meeting (June 1998), Poster. International Conference on
Spinal Manipulation (1998), Poster. American Public Health Association
(APHA) Annual Meeting (Nov 1998), Platform.
Hawk C, Meeker W, Henderson C, Long C, Marchiori D, Smith M: “Establishment of
a chiropractic clinical research residency program.” Association of
Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) Annual Conference, March 12-14, 1998, Las Vegas,
NV. Abstract published in Conference Proceedings: Journal of Chiropractic
Education, Vol 11, No 4, March 1998 (p 161).
Smith M, Parry A: “The practice of chiropractic in federally-designated health
professional shortage areas (HPSAs) in Missouri.” International Conference
on Health Policy Research (cosponsored by American Statistical Association,
American Public Health Association, Society for Medical Decision Making),
Dec 1997, Washington, DC; American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual
Meeting – Community Health Planning and Policy Development Section, Nov
9-13, 1997, Indianapolis, IN; Chiropractic Research Agenda Conference (RAC
II), June 19-22, 1997, Alexandria, VA; Association for Health Services
Research (AHSR) Annual Meeting, June 15-17, 1997, Chicago, IL; World
Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) Congress, June 6-8, 1997, Tokyo, Japan.
Woodfield C, Dickholtz M, Smith M, Wallace H: “A comparison of outcome and
process measures to determine the effectiveness of an upper-cervical
chiropractic correction.” Association for Health Services Research (AHSR)
Annual Meeting, June 15-17, 1997, Chicago, IL; World Federation of
Chiropractic (WFC) Congress, June 6-8, 1997, Tokyo, Japan; First Annual
Chicago Health Services Research Symposium, Jan 30-31, 1997, Northwestern
University, Chicago, IL.
Smith M, Stano M: "Relative costs and outcomes of chiropractic versus
medically-initiated episodes of low-back care." Sigma Xi Research Honors
Society, Feb 4, 1997, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA;
International Conference on Spinal Manipulation (ICSM), October 17-19, 1996,
Bournemouth, England; National Workshop to Develop the Chiropractic Research
Agenda (RAC I), July 12-14, 1996, Washington, D.C.; Association for Health
Services Research (AHSR) Annual Meeting, June 4-6, 1995, Chicago, IL;
Department of Veterans Affairs’ Annual Research Day, July 6, 1995, St.
Louis, MO.
Perry HM, Romeis JC, Virgo KS, Smith MM, Carmody S: "Compliance, control, and
mortality among hypertension screening and treatment program clinics." DVA
HSR&D Annual Meeting, April 24-25, 1991, Arlington, VA, poster.
Romeis JC, Perry HM, Gillespie KN, Smith MM, Virgo KS: "Preliminary analysis
of pre-treatment predictors of survival among veterans from Hypertension
Screening and Treatment Programs (HSTP)." 1991 Annual Meeting of
Gerontological Society of America. November 25, 1991, platform.
Smith MM: "Regulating research Building and applying the scientific body of
knowledge." 1989 Health Care Ethics Symposium, Logan College of
Chiropractic, Chesterfield, MO, platform.
Smith MM: "Interdisciplinary health services research Considerations of
research direction, and implications for chiropractic." 1988 Health Care
Issues Colloquium, Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, MO,
platform.
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